| 0 | | Armed Forces Day in Equatorial Guinea and National Guard Day in Venezuela |
| 0 | | Roman rite of the "Supplicia canum" -- crucifixion of dogs in punishment for failing to warn of a Gallic attack in 387 BC |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Nicodemus the Pharisee, Patron of Curiosity, and that of St. Waltheof of Melrose, Abbot |
| 9 | | Tiberius defeats the Pannonian Pirustae & Desidiates |
| 1108 | | Louis VI "the Fat" or "the Great" was crowned King of France (1108-1137) -- Learn More |
| 1460 | | Scots capture & raze Roseburgh. |
| 1492 | | Columbus sailed from Palos on the most momentous voyage in history |
| 1529 | | Francis I of France accepted Spanish domination of Italy (temporarily), by the Treaty of Cambrai, known as "The Lady's Peace” -- Learn More |
| 1530 | | The Medici return to Florence |
| 1601 | | Battle of Guruslau: Michael the Brave's Imperial-Romanian forces defeat the Poles |
| 1644 | | First Battle of Freiburg: the French defeat the Bavarians |
| 1645 | | Battle of Allersheim: the French defeat the Bavarians |
| 1692 | | Battle of Steenkerken: the French defeat the English & Germans |
| 1758 | | Naval Battle of Negapatam: English defeat the French off India |
| 1796 | | Battle of Lonato: The French defeat the Austrians |
| 1797 | | Bohemia: Emperor Francis I permits Jewish veterans to marry non-Jews |
| 1804 | | USN squadron bombards Tripoli |
| 1812 | | US Frigate 'Essex' captures the British brig 'Brothers' |
| 1848 | | Battle of Milan: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| 1849 | | The "Roman Republic" surrenders to the French |
| 1861 | | First manned balloon ascent from a ship, USS 'Fanny', Hampton Roads |
| 1861 | | U.S. Navy authorizes three ironclads: 'Monitor', 'Galena', & 'New Ironsides' |
| 1914 | | Germany, it’s troops having been probing the border for two days, declared war on France |
| 1915 | | Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (from July 18) |
| 1917 | | The N.Y. Guard was activated for duty on the home front in WW I -- Learn More |
| 1919 | | Romanians capture Budapest, to oust the "Hungarian Soviet Socialist Republic" |
| 1940 | | Italian troops invade British Somaliland |
| 1940 | | Lithuania is annexed by the USSR |
| 1942 | | Japanese Army begins forming armored divisions in Manchuria. |
| 1942 | | Mildred McAffee becomes the first woman officer in the Naval Reserve. |
| 1943 | | New Georgia: Fijian and Solomons troops join US forces. |
| 1943 | | Patton slaps Pvt Charles H. Kuhl, 1st Infantry Division, at the 15th Evac Hospital, near Nicosia, Sicily |
| 1944 | | Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4,000 Gypsies murdered |
| 1944 | | Burma: Allied troops conquer Myitkyina, reopening the Burma Road |
| 1958 | | "Nautilus 90 North", the US submarine 'Nautilus' (SS 571) passed under the ice at the North Pole |
| 1990 | | US announces commitment of naval forces to the Persian Gulf |
| 1770 | | King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia (1797-1840) |
| 1816 | | John Eugene Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| 1820 | | William Miller, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909 |
| 1823 | | Thomas Francis Meagher, Brig Gen, U.S., Irish Patriot, d. 1867 |
| 1824 | | William Burnham Woods, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887 |
| 1867 | | Stanley Baldwin, British PM (1923-24, 1924-29, 1935-37), appeaser, d. 1974 |
| 1872 | | King Haakon VII of Norway (1905-57) |
| 1887 | | Rupert Brooke, soldier-poet, d. 1915 -- Learn More |
| 1900 | | Ernie Pyle, noted war correspondent, kia Ie Shima, Okinawa, 1945 -- http://college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/pyle_captainwaskowmen_goodbye.htm |
| 1922 | | John Eisenhower, presidential son, soldier, ambassador, historian ("The Bitter Woods," Agent of Destiny," etc.), d. 2013 |
| 1924 | | Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry"), d. 2003 |
| 772 | | Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) - or the 1st |
| 1181 | | Pope Alexander III - Orlando Bandinelli (1159-81), v. 80-85 |
| 1387 | | Olaf Haakonsson, 17, King Olaf II of Denmark (1376-1387) & Olaf IV Norway (1380-1387) |
| 1460 | | James Stewart, 29, King James II of Scots (1437-1460) |
| 1530 | | Francesco Ferrucci, 40, Captain of Florence, fighting against the Medici, and Philibert of Chalon, 28, Prince of Orange, Spanish Viceroy of Naples, fighting for the Medici, kia, Gavinana |
| 1717 | | Jeffery Amherst, Field Marshal Baron Amherst of Montreal, 80, Conqueror of Canada |
| 1802 | | Prince Frederick Henry Louis of Prussia, 76, general who never lost a battle, unlike his brother Frederick the Great |
| 1916 | | Sir Roger Casement, 51, Irish patriot, executed |
| 2008 | | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, sometime Red Army major, Soviet dissident, and at ("The GULAG Archipelago"), at 89 |
| 2015 | | Robert Conquest, 98, British poet who became the historian of the Soviet horrors ("The Great Terror," "Harvest of Sorrow," etc.) |